Costs depend on estate size and the transformation path per application, but the funding logic changes: agentic modernization converts an unpredictable multi-year program into a domain-by-domain sequence with measurable checkpoints. Production results – €600,000 annual savings at Visma, 50% lower project costs at Cognition – give CIOs the predictability that makes the business case fundable. A scoped assessment is the usual first investment.